Computer Science Engineering

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Memory-bounded heuristic search

Read Aloud Stop Reading Memory-bounded heuristic search is a type of informed search algorithm that limits the amount of memory used during the search process. It is designed to efficiently find solutions in large state spaces while ensuring that the search does not exceed the available memory resources. One common memory-bounded heuristic search algorithm is iterative-deepening A* (IDA*), which is a variant of A* search that limits the memory used by controlling the depth of the search tree. In IDA*, the search begins with a cutoff value equal to the estimated cost of the optimal solution, as given by the heuristic function. The search then proceeds iteratively, increasing the cutoff value until a goal state is found. At each iteration, the search performs a depth-first search (DFS) starting from the initial state, but only expands nodes whose f values (f(n) = g(n) + h(n)) are less than the current cutoff value. If a goal state is not found at the current iteration, th...
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Mitigation

Read Aloud Stop Reading   Mitigation refers to the process of reducing or eliminating the impact of a vulnerability or threat on a system or network. In the context of ethical hacking, mitigation involves identifying vulnerabilities and recommending appropriate steps to reduce the risk associated with those vulnerabilities. Here are points to consider when developing mitigation strategies: Prioritize vulnerabilities: Prioritize vulnerabilities based on their severity and potential impact on the target environment. Consider technical and non-technical solutions: Develop a range of technical and non-technical solutions to address vulnerabilities, such as applying patches, updating software, implementing access controls, or conducting security awareness training. Tailor solutions to the specific environment: Develop mitigation solutions that are tailored to the specific environment and address the unique needs and challenges of the organization. Consider the cost an...
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From MULTICS and MLS to modern UNIX

From MULTICS and MLS to modern UNIX Read Aloud Stop Reading From MULTICS and MLS to modern UNIX MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) was a time-sharing operating system developed in the 1960s. It was designed to be highly secure and support multiple users with different security clearances, known as Multilevel Security (MLS). The concept of MLS was based on the idea that data should only be accessible to users with the proper clearance, and that users with higher clearance should be able to access data at lower levels. In the early 1970s, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs created the UNIX operating system, which borrowed many ideas from MULTICS. However, UNIX was designed to be simpler and more portable than MULTICS. In particular, UNIX did not support MLS, but instead relied on file permissions to control access to files and directories. Over time, security features were added to UNIX to address the shortcomings of file permis...
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